In cervical incompetence, encirclage operation done are:a) Mc Donald operationb) Shirodkar operationc) Purandare’s operationd) Khanna’s sling operatione) Abdominal sling operation
First, I need to recall what cervical incompetence is. It's a condition where the cervix is weak and dilates prematurely during pregnancy, leading to preterm labor or miscarriage. The treatment is usually a cervical cerclage, which is a procedure to reinforce the cervix.
Now, the key here is to know which of these operations are actually used for cerclage. I remember that McDonald and Shirodkar are the two main types of cervical cerclage. McDonald is the more common one, where a suture is placed around the cervix. Shirodkar is a more complex procedure involving a cervical sleeve and is less commonly performed, maybe in specific cases.
Purandare's operation—I'm not sure about this one. Maybe it's a distractor. Khanna's sling and abdominal sling operations... Wait, abdominal cerclage is a type, but it's done through the abdomen, so abdominal sling might be a different term for that. But the options here are listed as Khanna's and abdominal.
So the correct answers should be a) McDonald and b) Shirodkar. The other options—c, d, e—are incorrect. Purandare's and Khanna's aren't standard procedures for cervical cerclage. Abdominal sling might refer to a different procedure or perhaps a typo. The abdominal cerclage is a separate procedure but not typically called a "sling operation."
Wait, the question is in the format where they list options a to e and the correct answer is a combination. The user's correct answer is listed as A. B. C. D. but the actual correct answer is a and b. However, the way the question is presented, maybe the correct answer is a and b, but the options are labeled a-e. Let me check again.
The options are a) McDonald, b) Shirodkar, c) Purandare's, d) Khanna's, e) Abdominal sling. The correct answer should be a and b. But the user's correct answer is given as A. B. C. D. which is confusing. Wait, maybe the original question is a multiple correct answer question, but the user is asking for the correct one among the options. But in the initial problem, the options are listed as a-e, and the correct answer is supposed to be the ones that are correct. However, the user's correct answer is given as A. B. C. D. but that might be a formatting error. Wait, looking back, the user's correct answer is listed as "Correct Answer: . [Answer Text]" but the user input shows the correct answer as A. B. C. D. which is incomplete. Maybe the user intended to select a and b.
So, the correct answer is a and b. But the options are presented as separate letters. However, in the original question, the options are a-e. The user's correct answer is given as A. B. C. D. but perhaps it's a formatting error. Let me check again.