**Core Concept**
The basal ganglia are a group of subcortical structures involved in the regulation of movement and cognition, particularly in the context of motor learning and memory. They play a crucial role in the formation and consolidation of motor skills and habits, which are types of procedural memory.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The basal ganglia are involved in the striatum, which is a key component of the procedural memory system. This system is responsible for the formation and retrieval of motor skills and habits, such as riding a bike or tying shoelaces. The basal ganglia interact with the prefrontal cortex and other brain regions to facilitate the consolidation of procedural memories. The striatum contains medium spiny neurons that project to the globus pallidus and substantia nigra, which are involved in the regulation of movement and the expression of motor habits.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** The temporal lobe, particularly the hippocampus, is involved in the formation and consolidation of declarative memory, not procedural memory. The hippocampus is essential for the formation of new memories, especially those related to episodic events.
**Option B:** The cerebellum is involved in the regulation of motor coordination and balance, but it is not directly involved in the formation and consolidation of procedural memories.
**Option C:** The prefrontal cortex is involved in working memory and executive function, but it is not the primary site of basal ganglia involvement in procedural memory.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
The basal ganglia are also involved in the pathophysiology of movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease, which are characterized by abnormalities in motor learning and memory.

**Correct Answer: C. Procedural memory. Procedural memory is a type of long-term memory that involves the storage and retrieval of skills and habits.**