In rubella syndrome all are seen except
**Core Concept**
Rubella syndrome, also known as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), is a condition that occurs when a fetus is infected with the rubella virus in utero. This can lead to various congenital abnormalities and complications. The pathophysiology involves the virus's effect on the developing fetus, particularly the central nervous system, eyes, ears, and heart.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is related to the manifestations of rubella syndrome. The virus's impact on the developing fetus can result in a range of clinical features, including congenital heart defects, cataracts, hearing impairment, and intellectual disability. The virus can also affect the central nervous system, leading to signs such as microcephaly, developmental delays, and behavioral abnormalities.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because congenital heart defects are a well-documented consequence of rubella syndrome. The virus can cause abnormalities in the development of the heart, leading to conditions such as patent ductus arteriosus and pulmonary artery stenosis.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because cataracts are a common feature of rubella syndrome. The virus can cause opacification of the lens in the developing fetus, leading to vision impairment and blindness.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because hearing impairment is a frequent consequence of rubella syndrome. The virus can affect the development of the inner ear and auditory nerve, leading to sensorineural hearing loss.
**Option D:** This option is incorrect because intellectual disability is a common outcome of rubella syndrome. The virus can affect the development of the central nervous system, leading to cognitive and behavioral impairments.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A key aspect of diagnosing rubella syndrome is identifying the risk factors for congenital infection. Women who are seronegative for rubella virus antibodies and are exposed to the virus during pregnancy are at increased risk of transmitting the infection to the fetus.
**Correct Answer: C. None of the above**