**Question:** In radical mastoidectomy all the following are done except

A. Total removal of the mastoid air cells (Mastoidectomy)
B. Excision of the mastoid bone
C. Removal of the tympanic membrane (Tympanoplasty)
D. Reconstruction of the ossicular chain (Ossiculoplasty)

**Correct Answer:** .

**Core Concept:** Radical mastoidectomy is a surgical procedure primarily aimed at removing the entire mastoid air cells and the mastoid process, which are involved in chronic otitis media and cholesteatoma. This surgery is usually performed in combination with other procedures to address the underlying pathology.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right:** Option C (removal of the tympanic membrane or tympanoplasty) and D (reconstruction of the ossicular chain or ossiculoplasty) are not mentioned as being done in a radical mastoidectomy. These procedures are typically performed during mastoidectomy or tympanoplasty, which are different surgical interventions.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect:**

A. Removal of the mastoid air cells (mastoidectomy) and the mastoid process are part of the radical mastoidectomy as it aims to eliminate the infection source and prevent future complications.

B. Although the mastoid process may need to be resected, excision of the entire mastoid process is incorrect as it includes unnecessary removal of healthy tissue.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact:**

During radical mastoidectomy, the surgeon aims to remove the entire mastoid air cells and the mastoid process while preserving the integrity of surrounding structures like the tympanic membrane and ossicular chain. This ensures the preservation of hearing function and minimizes potential complications. It is important to differentiate between the various surgical options to avoid unnecessary tissue removal and maintain patient outcomes.