In immunofluroscence method to detect antinuclear antibody, which of the following rat tissue is used:
Correct Answer: Liver
Description: Liver ( > `a' Kidney) [Ref: aicle-Antinuclear antibodies and their detection methods in diagnosis of connective tissue diseases: a journey revisited by Yashwant Kumar , Alka Bhatia and Ranjana Walker Minz at http://www.diagnosticpatholo,cy.ore/content/4/1/1 I "IF-ANA was designed by George Friou in 1957. Since then it has been the most widely used test for diagnosis of connective tissue diseases. It is inexpensive and easy to perform, with high sensitivity and specificity. The test detects the presence of ANA in the blood of the patient which adhere to reagent test cells (substrate), forming distinct fluorescence patterns that are associated with ceain autoimmune diseases. Initially different substrates like tissue sections, desquamated cells, chicken erythrocytes and HeLa cells were tried but later on tissue sections using rat liver or a composite multiblock substrate (mouse stomach, rat liver and kidney) became the standard substrate. In 1975 HEp-2 cells were introduced which have fuher increased the sensitivity of the test. These are the cultured cells of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and are available commercially in the form of prefixed on glass slides. Majority of the laboratories around the world are now using HEp-2 cell substrates" - aicle on (Antinuclear antibodies and their detection methods in diagnosis of connective tissue diseases: a journey revisited by Yashwant Kumar, Alka Bhatia and Ranjana Walker Minz) Connective tissue diseases (CTD) are a group of autoimmune disorders which are characterized by presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in the blood of patients. ANA are a specific class of autoantibodics that have the capability of binding and destroying ceain structures within the nucleus of the cells. Not only are these antibodies involved in the disease pathogenesis, but they also constitute the basis for diagnosis and treatment of CTD. Their detection with high sensitivity and specificity is therefore of utmost impoance. Although a battery of laboratory tests are available for ANA detection indirect immunofluorescence antinuclear antibody test (IF-ANA) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA)/enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) arc commonly used in day to day practice. The IF-ANA test detects the presence of ANA in the blood of the patient which adhere to reagent test cells (substrate), forming distinct fluorescence patterns that are associated with ceain autoimmune diseases. Initially different substrates like tissue sections, desquamated cells, chicken erythrocytes and HeLa cells were tried but later on tissue sections using rat liver or a composite multiblock substrate (mouse stomach, rat liver and kidney) became the standard substrate. In 1975 HEp-2 cells were introduced which have fuher increased the sensitivity of the test. These are the cultured cells of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and are available commercially in the form of prefixed on glass slides. Majority of the laboratories around the world are now using HEp-2 cell substrates"
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