In case of hydatidiform mole, investigation used for diagnosis is?
**Core Concept**
A hydatidiform mole is a type of gestational trophoblastic disease characterized by an abnormal proliferation of trophoblastic cells and abnormal development of the embryo. It typically occurs due to an abnormal fertilization process, often involving a haploid set of chromosomes from the father and no maternal chromosomes or a complete set of paternal chromosomes.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The investigation used for the diagnosis of hydatidiform mole is ultrasound, specifically transvaginal ultrasound, which allows for better visualization of the uterine cavity and early detection of the characteristic vesicular or cystic structures within the uterus. These structures are composed of a mixture of blood, trophoblastic cells, and fetal tissue. The ultrasound findings are often accompanied by an elevated human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) level, which can be used as a supporting diagnostic tool.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** This option is incorrect as it does not specify a diagnostic investigation. While hCG is a relevant marker in the diagnosis of hydatidiform mole, it is not a direct investigation used for diagnosis.
* **Option B:** This option is incorrect as it is not a specific diagnostic investigation. While a pelvic exam may reveal an enlarged uterus or abnormal bleeding, it is not a reliable method for diagnosing a hydatidiform mole.
* **Option C:** This option is incorrect as it is not a diagnostic investigation used specifically for hydatidiform mole. While a CT scan or MRI may be used to evaluate the extent of disease or complications, they are not the primary diagnostic tools for hydatidiform mole.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It is essential to note that a diagnosis of hydatidiform mole should be made with caution, as it can be a precursor to choriocarcinoma, a malignant form of gestational trophoblastic disease. Therefore, close follow-up and serial hCG levels are necessary to monitor for potential complications.
**Correct Answer: C. Ultrasound**