**Question:** In calculating Dependency Ratio, the numerator is expressed as -

A. Number of children (0-14 years)
B. Number of adults (15-64 years)
C. Number of elderly (65 years and above)
D. Total number of individuals in the population

**Correct Answer:** .

**Core Concept:** The Dependency Ratio is a demographic statistic that measures the relationship between the working-age population (15-64 years) and the dependent population (0-14 years and 65 years and above). This ratio is used to assess the burden imposed on the working-age population by supporting the dependent population.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right:** The numerator of the dependency ratio is determined by the number of individuals in the working-age population who contribute to the economy and support the dependent population. In this context, the correct answer is B, Number of adults (15-64 years), as they are the age group primarily responsible for supporting the dependent population. This age group is expected to be productive and contribute to the economy, thus making them essential for sustaining the economy and the overall wellbeing of the nation.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect:**

A. Number of children (0-14 years) - While children contribute to the overall population, they do not directly contribute to the economy and are primarily dependent on the working-age population for support. Therefore, this option is incorrect.

C. Number of elderly (65 years and above) - The elderly also contribute to the economy through social security, pensions, and healthcare services, but they are primarily dependent on the working-age population for financial support and healthcare. This option is incorrect as well.

D. Total number of individuals in the population - This option includes both working-age individuals and dependent individuals, making it a less precise measure of the burden on the working-age population. By considering just the working-age population (15-64 years), we can accurately measure the burden and the potential strain on the economy and healthcare resources.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right:**

The correct answer (B) is right because it specifically addresses the working-age population, which is directly responsible for supporting the dependent population. By examining the dependency ratio in terms of working-age individuals, we can estimate the economic and social burden on this group, which is crucial for policy-making and resource allocation in healthcare, education, and infrastructure development.

**Clinical Pearl:**

A high dependency ratio indicates a significant burden on the working-age population, potentially leading to increased healthcare costs, strain on social services, and lower disposable income for the working-age population. Conversely, a low dependency ratio suggests a more balanced distribution of the population among age groups, which may indicate a more robust economy and better social services for all age groups. Achieving a balanced dependency ratio is essential for maintaining a stable economy and ensuring the wellbeing of all age groups.