Genomic imprinting is associated with-
**Core Concept**
Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic phenomenon where the expression of a gene depends on its parental origin, with one allele being silenced due to DNA methylation or histone modifications. This imprinting is crucial for proper development and growth, as it ensures that certain genes are not overexpressed or underexpressed.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is associated with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). PWS is a genetic disorder characterized by severe infantile hypotonia, poor feeding, and failure to thrive. It is caused by the loss of function of paternally expressed genes on chromosome 15q11-q13. The paternal copy of the UBE3A gene, which is responsible for Angelman syndrome, is typically silenced in PWS, leading to the overexpression of the maternal UBE3A allele. This results in the characteristic features of PWS, including hyperphagia, obesity, and intellectual disability.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** This option is incorrect because Angelman syndrome is associated with the loss of function of the maternal UBE3A gene, not genomic imprinting.
* **Option B:** This option is incorrect because Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome is associated with overgrowth and an increased risk of cancer, but it is not directly related to genomic imprinting.
* **Option C:** This option is incorrect because Russell-Silver syndrome is a growth restriction disorder, but it is not primarily associated with genomic imprinting.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Genomic imprinting is a key mechanism underlying several human disorders, including Prader-Willi syndrome and Angelman syndrome. It is essential to recognize the role of genomic imprinting in these conditions to provide accurate genetic counseling and management.
**Correct Answer:** D