**Core Concept**
IgA nephropathy, also known as Berger's disease, is a type of kidney disease characterized by the deposition of IgA antibodies in the glomeruli, leading to inflammation and damage. This condition is a common cause of recurrent hematuria, particularly after upper respiratory tract infections.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
IgA nephropathy is characterized by the presence of IgA deposits in the glomeruli, which can lead to mesangial proliferation and glomerular damage. The condition often presents with recurrent episodes of gross hematuria, especially following upper respiratory tract infections. The mechanism involves the deposition of IgA1 molecules in the glomeruli, which can activate the complement system and lead to inflammation.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** While IgA nephropathy can present with hematuria, it is not the only symptom. Patients may also experience proteinuria, hypertension, and renal insufficiency. However, IgA nephropathy is not typically associated with nephrotic syndrome, which is characterized by heavy proteinuria.

**Option B:** IgA nephropathy is indeed characterized by the presence of IgA deposits in the glomeruli. This is a hallmark feature of the condition and is often seen on immunofluorescence microscopy.

**Option C:** IgA nephropathy can present with a range of glomerular lesions, including mesangial proliferation, endocapillary proliferation, and crescent formation. However, it is not typically associated with membranous nephropathy, which is characterized by the deposition of immune complexes on the subepithelial side of the glomerular basement membrane.

**Option D:** IgA nephropathy can present with a range of clinical features, including hematuria, proteinuria, and renal insufficiency. However, it is not typically associated with minimal change disease, which is characterized by the loss of foot processes on electron microscopy.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
IgA nephropathy is often referred to as "Berger's disease" in honor of Dr. Jean Berger, who first described the condition in 1968. The condition is more common in males and often presents in young adulthood.

**Correct Answer: A. Nephrotic syndrome.**