Best tome for surgery of hypospadias is
## **Core Concept**
Hypospadias is a congenital condition in males where the urethral opening is not located at the tip of the penis but rather somewhere along the underside. Surgical correction, or hypospadias repair, aims to correct this anomaly. The timing of surgery is crucial for optimal outcomes.
## **Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The best time for surgery of hypospadias is generally considered to be between **6 to 12 months** of age. This timing is chosen because it allows for the child's growth to make the surgical procedure technically easier while minimizing the psychological impact of the condition. Performing surgery at this age also reduces the risk of complications and supports better healing. The **6 to 12 months** age range is favored because it balances the benefits of early intervention with the risks associated with anesthesia in very young children.
## **Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
- **Option A:** Surgery too early (before 6 months) may increase the risk due to the small size of the tissues and the risks associated with anesthesia in very young infants.
- **Option B:** Although some surgeons may consider operating between **1-2 years**, waiting too long can lead to psychological issues for the child and may make the surgery more complex due to the child's size and potential for complications.
- **Option D:** Waiting until **> 5 years** is generally considered too late, as it exposes the child to potential psychological impacts and urinary issues for an extended period.
## **Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A key point to remember is that the **American Academy of Pediatrics** suggests that hypospadias repair should ideally be performed before the child reaches school age, supporting the **6 to 12 months** timeline as a preferred window for surgery.
## **Correct Answer:** . 6-12 months