Drugs causing hypokalemia are : a) Amphotericin B b) Insulin c) Cyclosporine d) Carbenoxolone e) NSAIDs
**Core Concept**
Drugs causing hypokalemia are those that lead to excessive potassium loss or its redistribution within the body. This can occur through various mechanisms such as increased potassium excretion, potassium shifting into cells, or direct potassium loss.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Amphotericin B (a) causes hypokalemia by increasing potassium excretion in the urine, likely due to its nephrotoxic effects on the renal tubules. Carbenoxolone (d) leads to hypokalemia by inducing aldosterone secretion, which in turn promotes potassium excretion in the urine. Similarly, NSAIDs (e) can cause hypokalemia by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis, leading to increased sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion in the kidneys. Cyclosporine (b) is not typically associated with hypokalemia; instead, it can cause hyperkalemia due to its effect on renal potassium handling. Insulin (c) causes hypokalemia by promoting potassium entry into cells.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** The statement "ace" is incorrect because Carbenoxolone (d) and NSAIDs (e) are correct causes of hypokalemia. Amphotericin B (a) is also correct, but the combination "ace" is not the correct answer choice.
**Option B:** The statement "ac" is incorrect because Cyclosporine (b) is not typically associated with hypokalemia; instead, it can cause hyperkalemia.
**Option D:** The statement "acd" is incorrect because Cyclosporine (b) is not typically associated with hypokalemia.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
When prescribing medications that can cause hypokalemia, it is essential to monitor potassium levels and adjust the treatment plan accordingly to prevent life-threatening complications.
**✓ Correct Answer: C. abd. Amphotericin B, Carbenoxolone, and NSAIDs.**