The prototype of type-H hypersensitivity reaction is?
**Core Concept**
Type-H hypersensitivity reaction, also known as cytotoxic or antibody-dependent hypersensitivity, involves the binding of antibodies to the surface of cells or tissues, leading to cell damage or destruction. This type of reaction typically involves IgG or IgM antibodies and the activation of complement, resulting in cell lysis.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a classic example of a type-H hypersensitivity reaction, where autoantibodies bind to the red blood cell surface, marking them for destruction by the immune system. This results in the premature destruction of red blood cells, leading to anemia. The IgG antibodies in AIHA activate the complement system, which ultimately leads to the lysis of the red blood cells.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Arthus reaction is an example of a type-III hypersensitivity reaction, which involves the formation of antigen-antibody complexes that deposit in tissues, leading to inflammation. It is not a prototype of type-H hypersensitivity.
**Option B:** Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease that can involve multiple types of hypersensitivity reactions, including type-II and type-III reactions. However, it is not a prototype of type-H hypersensitivity.
**Option D:** Contact dermatitis is an example of a type-IV hypersensitivity reaction, which involves T-cell-mediated inflammation and is not related to antibody-dependent cell damage.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Type-H hypersensitivity reactions are often seen in autoimmune diseases, where autoantibodies target self-antigens on the surface of cells or tissues, leading to cell destruction.
**β Correct Answer:** C. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia