True about celiac disease -a) Villous atrophyb) Crypt hyperplasiac) Infiltration of lymphocytesd) Cryptitise) Superficial layer thinning
**Core Concept**
Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by a severe immune reaction to gluten, leading to small intestine mucosal damage and malabsorption of nutrients. The pathophysiology involves an inappropriate immune response to gluten, resulting in inflammation and damage to the small intestine mucosa.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer involves three key histopathological features of celiac disease: villous atrophy, crypt hyperplasia, and infiltration of lymphocytes. Villous atrophy is the flattening of the villi, which are responsible for nutrient absorption. Crypt hyperplasia is the increase in the depth of the crypts, which is a compensatory response to the loss of absorptive surface area. Infiltration of lymphocytes is the hallmark of an immune response, with T lymphocytes being the primary cells involved in the inflammation.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Villous atrophy is a characteristic feature of celiac disease, but it is not the only feature, making option A an incomplete answer.
**Option D:** Cryptitization (option D) is not a recognized term in the context of celiac disease. While crypt hyperplasia is a feature, cryptitization is not.
**Option E:** Superficial layer thinning is not a typical description of the small intestine mucosa in celiac disease. The characteristic changes involve the deeper layers, particularly the villous atrophy and crypt hyperplasia.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A key diagnostic criterion for celiac disease is the presence of villous atrophy and crypt hyperplasia on small intestine biopsy, along with a positive serological test for tissue transglutaminase antibodies. This combination of histopathological and serological findings is essential for making a definitive diagnosis.
**Correct Answer:**
✓ Correct Answer: B. abc. Villous atrophy, crypt hyperplasia, and infiltration of lymphocytes are characteristic features of celiac disease.