A child presented with edema, massive proteinuria and hyperlipidemia. True statement about this condition is:
**Core Concept**
The child's presentation is suggestive of Nephrotic Syndrome, a condition characterized by massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema. This is due to the loss of large amounts of albumin in the urine, leading to decreased oncotic pressure and subsequent fluid shifts.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is related to the pathophysiology of Nephrotic Syndrome. The condition is often caused by damage to the glomerular basement membrane, leading to the loss of albumin and other proteins in the urine. This is typically due to an immune-mediated response, with the deposition of immune complexes in the glomeruli.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect as it does not directly relate to the pathophysiology of Nephrotic Syndrome. While hyperlipidemia is a common finding in Nephrotic Syndrome, it is not the defining characteristic of the condition.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect as it does not accurately describe the underlying cause of Nephrotic Syndrome. While the condition is often associated with immune complex deposition, it is not the only possible cause.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect as it does not accurately describe the typical presentation of Nephrotic Syndrome. While edema and proteinuria are hallmark findings, hyperlipidemia is a less common presenting symptom.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Nephrotic Syndrome is often associated with a poor prognosis if left untreated, with a high risk of developing complications such as thrombosis and infections. Early diagnosis and treatment with corticosteroids can significantly improve outcomes.
**Correct Answer:** C.