Which of the following diuretic can lead to hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia?
**Core Concept**
The question is testing the effects of diuretics on glucose and lipid metabolism. Diuretics can influence glucose and lipid homeostasis by various mechanisms, including altering renal function, modifying electrolyte balance, and influencing hormone levels.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Thiazide diuretics, such as **Bumetanide**, can lead to hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. This is due to their ability to decrease insulin release from the pancreas and increase hepatic glucose production. Additionally, thiazide diuretics can increase levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglycerides by promoting hepatic lipogenesis.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** Loop diuretics, such as **Furosemide**, primarily act by inhibiting sodium and chloride reabsorption in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle. While they can affect electrolyte balance and cause hypokalemia, they are not typically associated with hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia.
* **Option C:** Potassium-sparing diuretics, such as **Spironolactone**, work by antagonizing aldosterone and can cause hyperkalemia as a side effect. They are not typically associated with hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Thiazide diuretics can increase the risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus, particularly in patients with pre-existing risk factors for diabetes.
**Correct Answer: B. Bumetanide.**