**Core Concept**
Hyperaldosteronism refers to an excessive production of aldosterone, a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that regulates electrolyte balance and blood pressure. Aldosterone stimulates the kidneys to retain sodium and water, leading to increased blood volume and pressure.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Aldosterone promotes sodium retention in the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts of the kidneys through its action on the mineralocorticoid receptor. This results in increased blood volume, blood pressure, and potassium excretion. In hyperaldosteronism, the increased sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion can lead to hypertension, hypokalemia, and metabolic alkalosis.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because hyperaldosteronism is associated with hypertension, not hypotension. The excessive production of aldosterone leads to increased blood volume and pressure.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because hyperaldosteronism is associated with hypokalemia, not hyperkalemia. The increased potassium excretion in the urine leads to low potassium levels in the blood.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because hyperaldosteronism is associated with metabolic alkalosis, not acidosis. The increased bicarbonate reabsorption in the kidneys leads to increased blood pH.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
In patients with hyperaldosteronism, the aldosterone-to-renin ratio can be used as a diagnostic tool to differentiate primary from secondary hyperaldosteronism. A high ratio suggests primary hyperaldosteronism, often due to an aldosterone-producing adenoma.

**Correct Answer:** D.