**Core Concept:**
Pharmacological management of hypertension in pregnancy involves selecting medications with minimal risk to the mother and fetus. Hypertension during pregnancy may lead to complications like preeclampsia, eclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right:**
During pregnancy, several antihypertensive drugs need to be avoided due to potential risks to the mother and fetus. ACE inhibitors (e.g., Captopril) and Angiotensin II receptor blockers (e.g., Losartan) are contraindicated due to their potential to cause fetal renal agenesis and oligohydramnios, respectively. Calcium channel blockers (e.g., Verapamil) can lead to fetal bradycardia and hypotension, which may cause fetal distress.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect:**
Option A (Captopril) is an ACE inhibitor and can cause fetal renal agenesis. Option B (Losartan) is an Angiotensin II receptor blocker and can lead to oligohydramnios and decreased fetal renal function. Option C (Verapamil) is a calcium channel blocker that can cause fetal bradycardia and hypotension leading to fetal distress.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact:**
Avoid using any medications that can cause fetal renal agenesis, oligohydramnios, or fetal bradycardia and hypotension during pregnancy. Instead, consider using other antihypertensive medications like diuretics, beta-blockers, or alpha-blockers, depending on the specific type and severity of hypertension.
**Correct Answer:**
D. Calcium channel blockers (e.g., Verapamil) are not preferred during pregnancy due to the risks mentioned above.
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