Hypeension with hyperkalemia is seen in –
**Core Concept**
Primary aldosteronism is a condition characterized by the excessive production of aldosterone, a mineralocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal gland. Aldosterone plays a crucial role in regulating electrolyte balance, particularly sodium and potassium, by promoting sodium retention and potassium excretion.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
In primary aldosteronism, the overproduction of aldosterone leads to increased sodium reabsorption in the collecting duct of the kidney, resulting in hypertension. Concurrently, the excessive aldosterone promotes potassium excretion by the kidneys, causing hyperkalemia. This is because aldosterone stimulates the Na+/K+-ATPase pump in the collecting duct, which increases potassium secretion into the urine.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** This option is incorrect because it does not accurately describe the electrolyte imbalance associated with primary aldosteronism. While primary aldosteronism does lead to hypertension, it is characterized by hyperkalemia, not hypokalemia.
* **Option B:** This option is incorrect because it does not specifically relate to the electrolyte imbalance associated with primary aldosteronism. The condition is characterized by hyperkalemia, not the other way around.
* **Option C:** This option is incorrect because it does not accurately describe the electrolyte imbalance associated with primary aldosteronism. While primary aldosteronism does lead to hypertension, it is characterized by hyperkalemia, not hypokalemia.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Primary aldosteronism is a classic example of a condition where the body's "fight or flight" response is chronically activated, leading to hypertension and electrolyte imbalances. This condition can be diagnosed with the plasma aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR) test.
**Correct Answer: C. Conn's syndrome, also known as primary aldosteronism, is characterized by hypertension with hyperkalemia.**