Which of the following hormones are raised in Prader–Willi syndrome –
## **Core Concept**
Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder characterized by a constant feeling of hunger, leading to overeating and obesity. It results from the loss of function of genes on chromosome 15 inherited from the father. Key endocrine abnormalities are associated with this syndrome.
## **Why the Correct Answer is Right**
In Prader-Willi syndrome, there are elevated levels of **ghrelin**, which is a hormone that stimulates appetite, and **decreased levels of leptin**, which is a hormone that suppresses appetite. However, among the provided options, the focus is on hormones that are raised. **Ghrelin** levels are indeed raised, contributing to the increased appetite seen in PWS patients.
## **Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
- **Option A:** This option is incorrect because it does not specify hormones known to be raised in PWS.
- **Option B:** This could potentially include correct hormones but without specifics, it's hard to assess directly. However, if it doesn't include ghrelin or other known raised hormones like growth hormone (in some cases), it's less likely to be correct.
- **Option C:** Similarly, this option's correctness depends on its content, but if it doesn't align with known hormonal elevations in PWS, it's incorrect.
- **Option D:** This option is a distractor and does not accurately represent the hormonal changes seen in PWS.
## **Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A key clinical pearl in Prader-Willi syndrome is the presence of **hypotonia** in infancy and the development of **obesity** if food intake is not strictly controlled. Additionally, patients often have **short stature**, and there may be **cryptorchidism** in males. Regarding hormones, the elevated **ghrelin** levels contribute to the hyperphagia.
## **Correct Answer:** .