A man takes peanut and develop stridor, neck swelling, tongue swelling and hoarseness of voice. Most probable diagnosis is
## **Core Concept**
The symptoms described - stridor, neck swelling, tongue swelling, and hoarseness of voice - are indicative of an acute, severe allergic reaction affecting the upper airway. This condition is known as angioedema or anaphylaxis when systemic symptoms are also present. The reaction to peanuts, a common allergen, points towards an allergic etiology.
## **Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer, **Anaphylaxis**, is right because it is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can occur within minutes of exposure to an allergen, such as peanuts. Anaphylaxis can cause a range of symptoms, including but not limited to:
- Constriction of the airways, leading to stridor and hoarseness of voice
- Swelling of the face, lips, tongue, and neck (angioedema)
- A drop in blood pressure, though not mentioned, it's a key diagnostic criterion
The pathophysiology involves the release of histamine and other mediators from mast cells, leading to vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, and smooth muscle contraction.
## **Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
- **Option A:** This option is blank and does not provide a diagnosis to evaluate.
- **Option B:** Similarly, this option is blank and cannot be assessed.
- **Option C:** This option is also blank, lacking a specific diagnosis to consider.
- **Option D:** This option is blank as well, without a provided diagnosis.
## **Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A key point to remember is that anaphylaxis is a medical emergency requiring immediate treatment, typically with epinephrine (adrenaline) via an auto-injector or intramuscular injection, followed by supportive care and possibly additional treatments like antihistamines and corticosteroids. The classic presentation can vary, but airway compromise, as indicated by stridor and hoarseness, is a critical and potentially fatal symptom.
## **Correct Answer: D. Anaphylaxis**