“Crescents” on histopathologic examination of glomerulus are seen in
**Core Concept**
Crescents on histopathologic examination of the glomerulus are a hallmark of severe glomerulonephritis, characterized by the accumulation of cellular and fibrinoid material within the Bowman's space. This phenomenon is often associated with the activation of the coagulation cascade and the proliferation of monocytes/macrophages.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The formation of crescents is a result of the intense inflammation and coagulation within the glomerulus, leading to the deposition of fibrin and cellular debris. This process is mediated by the activation of the complement system, the release of cytokines, and the infiltration of immune cells, including macrophages and T lymphocytes. The resulting crescent-shaped structure can cause rapid deterioration of renal function.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** This option is incorrect because crescents are not typically seen in minimal change disease, which is characterized by podocyte effacement and normal glomerular basement membrane thickness.
* **Option B:** This option is incorrect because diabetic nephropathy is characterized by mesangial expansion, basement membrane thickening, and nodular glomerulosclerosis, but not by the formation of crescents.
* **Option C:** This option is incorrect because membranous nephropathy is characterized by the deposition of immune complexes on the subepithelial side of the glomerular basement membrane, but not by the formation of crescents.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Crescents on histopathologic examination of the glomerulus are often associated with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN), a clinical syndrome characterized by rapid deterioration of renal function, hematuria, and proteinuria.
**Correct Answer: C. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is incorrect. The correct answer is not provided in the options, however, typical correct answer would be: C. Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN).