A 45-year-old man from southern China is diagnosed with a nasopharyngeal tumor. Histologically, this neoplasm is composed of anaplastic cells immunoreactive for cytokeratin admixed with abundant lymphocytes. Which of the following factors is MOST likely implicated in the pathogenesis of this neoplasm?

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Vikas Bhardwaj
Medical Technologist, AIIMS New Delhi
Updated: Apr 17, 2026