Splenectomy is indicated in -a) Sickle cell anemiab) Hereditary spherocytosisc) Hemoglobin C diseased) Hodgkins lymphoma
**Core Concept**
Splenectomy, or removal of the spleen, is a surgical procedure that can be indicated in certain conditions to alleviate symptoms or prevent complications. This procedure is typically considered for conditions where the spleen's role in filtering the blood, storing red blood cells, or participating in immune responses is compromised.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Splenectomy is a treatment option for hereditary spherocytosis, a genetic disorder characterized by the production of abnormal, sphere-shaped red blood cells. These abnormal cells are more prone to premature destruction, leading to anemia and jaundice. The spleen plays a key role in removing these defective cells from the circulation. By removing the spleen, the spleen's filtering function is eliminated, allowing the abnormal red blood cells to circulate more freely. This can help alleviate anemia and reduce the risk of further complications.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder that affects hemoglobin production, leading to abnormal, sickle-shaped red blood cells. While splenectomy may be performed in some cases of sickle cell anemia, it is not a standard treatment and can even increase the risk of complications, such as infections and increased hemolysis.
**Option C:** Hemoglobin C disease is a genetic disorder that affects hemoglobin production, leading to mild anemia. Splenectomy is not typically indicated for this condition, as it does not significantly impact the spleen's filtering function.
**Option D:** Hodgkin's lymphoma is a type of cancer that affects the immune system. Splenectomy may be performed in some cases of Hodgkin's lymphoma, but it is not a standard treatment for this condition.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Splenectomy can lead to an increased risk of infections, particularly those caused by encapsulated bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. Patients who undergo splenectomy should receive appropriate vaccinations and antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent these complications.
**Correct Answer:** B. Hereditary spherocytosis.