Which of the following serological status is seen only in acute hepatitis B infection?
**Core Concept**
Hepatitis B infection presents with various serological markers that reflect the different stages of the disease. Understanding these markers is crucial for diagnosing and managing HBV infection. The serological status of a patient can indicate whether the infection is acute, chronic, or resolved.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
In acute hepatitis B infection, the patient is typically positive for **HBeAg** (hepatitis B e-antigen) and **HBeAg-positive IgM anti-HBc** (immunoglobulin M antibody to hepatitis B core antigen). **HBeAg** is a protein produced by the virus, and its presence indicates viral replication and infectivity. **HBeAg-positive IgM anti-HBc** is a specific marker of acute HBV infection, as it represents the body's early immune response to the virus. This combination of markers is usually seen in the first few months of infection.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** **IgM anti-HBc alone** may be seen in acute HBV infection, but it can also be present in other conditions, such as reactivation of chronic HBV infection.
* **Option B:** **IgG anti-HBc** is a marker of chronic HBV infection or resolved infection, as it indicates a prolonged immune response to the virus.
* **Option C:** **Anti-HBs (IgG)** is a marker of immunity to HBV, either due to vaccination or resolved infection, and is not specific to acute infection.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It's essential to remember that the presence of **HBeAg** and **HBeAg-positive IgM anti-HBc** in a patient's serum is highly suggestive of acute HBV infection, and further investigations should be conducted to confirm the diagnosis.
**Correct Answer:** C.