**Core Concept**
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a zoonotic disease caused by infection with viruses belonging to the Hantavirus genus, particularly Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). This disease is characterized by its severe renal and pulmonary manifestations.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is: **Option C:** Hantavirus. Hantavirus infection occurs through inhalation of aerosolized rodent excreta, which contain the virus. The virus then targets and infects the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels, leading to increased vascular permeability and hemorrhage. The kidneys are also affected, resulting in severe renal impairment.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because Hantavirus is not the only virus causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, but it is a primary causative agent. However, other viruses like arenaviruses and bunyaviruses can also cause similar diseases.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because Hantavirus infection is primarily transmitted through inhalation of aerosolized virus particles, not through direct contact with rodents.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It is essential to wear protective clothing and masks when handling rodents or their excreta to prevent Hantavirus infection. This is particularly crucial for laboratory personnel and healthcare workers who may be exposed to infected rodents or their tissues.

**Correct Answer: C. Hantavirus.