A 7-year-old boy was involved in a motorcycle crash while seated in the back of a minivan without restraints. His vital signs in the emergency room are stable but he is complaining of left upper quadrant abdominal pain. The FAST scan shows scanty fluid around in the left colic gutter. An abdominal and pelvic CT scan with iv and po contrast is performed and the radiologist suggests a “blush” (arterial extravasation) in the splenic parenchyma. The spleen itself sustained a deep parenchymal tear and is classified as a grade III injury. The child remains hemodynamically stable. What is recommended next?

## **Core Concept**
The management of splenic injuries, especially in pediatric patients, focuses on preserving organ function while ensuring the patient's stability. The spleen is a vital organ for filtering the blood and storing red blood cells, and its preservation is particularly important in children due to their long life expectancy and potential for future infections. The grading of splenic injuries, often using the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) grading system, helps in determining the management approach.

## **Why the Correct Answer is Right**
For a grade III splenic injury with a "blush" (arterial extravasation) in a hemodynamically stable patient, the recommended next step often involves non-operative management (NOM) with close monitoring, possibly including angiographic embolization if there's evidence of active bleeding (as suggested by the "blush"). This approach aims to control bleeding while preserving the spleen. The presence of a deep parenchymal tear and arterial extravasation indicates a need for careful observation and possible intervention to prevent hemodynamic instability.

## **Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
- **Option A:** Immediate surgical intervention is generally reserved for hemodynamically unstable patients or those with severe injuries not manageable by non-operative means. This patient's stability makes immediate surgery less urgent.
- **Option B:** While observation is a component of non-operative management, specifying "observation only" might not fully address the need for intervention given the evidence of arterial extravasation.
- **Option C:** This option is not provided, but typically, interventions like embolization are considered for patients with evidence of active bleeding who are stable enough for the procedure.

## **Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A key point in managing pediatric splenic injuries is the preference for non-operative management in hemodynamically stable patients, even with higher-grade injuries. The use of angiographic embolization in selected cases, like those with arterial extravasation, can help control bleeding while preserving the spleen. This approach requires close monitoring and a multidisciplinary team.

## **Correct Answer:** .

✓ Correct Answer: A. Continuous hemodynamic monitoring, celiac angiogram, and Angioembolization of splenic artery.