Hemodialysis is useful in poisoning with all, EXCEPT:
**Core Concept**
Hemodialysis is a renal replacement therapy used to remove waste products and toxins from the blood when the kidneys are unable to perform this function. In the context of poisoning, hemodialysis can be an effective treatment for certain types of poisonings by removing the toxin from the bloodstream.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Hemodialysis is useful in poisoning with certain toxins that are water-soluble, have a low molecular weight, and are not extensively bound to tissues or plasma proteins. Examples of such toxins include lithium, ethylene glycol, and methanol. Hemodialysis can effectively remove these toxins from the bloodstream, thereby reducing their toxic effects.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Not applicable (the question is incomplete).
**Option B:** Not applicable (the question is incomplete).
**Option C:** Not applicable (the question is incomplete).
**Option D:** Not applicable (the question is incomplete).
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
In general, hemodialysis is not effective for treating poisonings with toxins that are highly protein-bound, have a high molecular weight, or are lipid-soluble, such as digoxin, phenobarbital, and local anesthetics.
**Correct Answer:** .