**Core Concept**
The posterior cerebral artery (PCA) supplies blood to the occipital lobe, which is responsible for visual processing, as well as parts of the temporal lobe and thalamus. Occlusion of the PCA can lead to visual disturbances, memory impairment, and altered sensory perception.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The PCA supplies the occipital lobe, which is crucial for processing visual information. Occlusion of the PCA can result in hemianopia (blindness in one half of the visual field) due to the damage to the visual cortex. Additionally, the PCA also supplies the medial temporal lobe, which is involved in memory formation, leading to amnesia. Furthermore, the PCA also supplies the thalamus, which is a key structure involved in sensory processing, and damage to the thalamus can result in thalamic pain.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** The anterior cerebral artery (ACA) primarily supplies the medial surface of the brain, including the motor and sensory cortices of the lower extremities, and the anterior cingulate gyrus. Occlusion of the ACA is more likely to result in weakness or paralysis of the lower limbs rather than visual disturbances.

**Option B:** The middle cerebral artery (MCA) supplies a large portion of the lateral surface of the brain, including the motor and sensory cortices of the face and upper extremities, as well as the frontal and parietal lobes. While the MCA does supply some visual areas, occlusion of the MCA is more likely to result in weakness or paralysis of the face and upper limbs, rather than visual disturbances.

**Option D:** The basilar artery supplies the brainstem, cerebellum, and posterior inferior cerebellar arteries. Occlusion of the basilar artery can result in a range of symptoms, including cranial nerve palsies, ataxia, and decreased level of consciousness, but is not typically associated with visual disturbances, amnesia, or thalamic pain.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
The PCA syndrome is a classic example of a "topographic" stroke, where the location of the lesion corresponds to the location of the visual field defect. The PCA syndrome is often referred to as "homonymous hemianopia," where the visual field defect is the same in both eyes.

**✓ Correct Answer: C. Posterior cerebral artery**