HAV is not destroyed by:
**Core Concept**
HAV (Hepatitis A Virus) is a non-enveloped RNA virus that primarily causes acute hepatitis in humans. Its resistance to environmental factors and disinfectants poses a challenge in its destruction.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
HAV is known for its resistance to various disinfectants and environmental factors. It can withstand temperatures up to 60°C (140°F), making it difficult to destroy using heat. Additionally, HAV is resistant to many common disinfectants, including sodium hypochlorite, which is commonly used in hospitals and laboratories. This resistance is due to the virus's non-enveloped structure, which makes it less susceptible to disruption by chemicals and heat.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect as heat can be effective in destroying HAV, but it requires temperatures above 60°C (140°F) to be effective.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect as ethanol is a disinfectant that can effectively destroy HAV, making it a suitable choice for decontaminating surfaces and equipment.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect as formaldehyde is a potent disinfectant that can effectively destroy HAV, making it useful for decontaminating surfaces and equipment.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It's essential to note that HAV can be destroyed using a combination of heat and disinfectants. For example, exposing surfaces to a mixture of 1:10 dilution of bleach and water for 10 minutes can effectively destroy HAV.
**Correct Answer: C. Formaldehyde**