Hampton’s hump is seen in chest X-ray in:
**Core Concept**
Hampton's hump is a radiological sign seen on chest X-rays, representing a wedge-shaped or rounded pleural-based consolidation. It is associated with **pulmonary embolism** and is a result of **infarction** in the lung periphery. This sign is named after Aubrey Otis Hampton, who first described it.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is related to pulmonary embolism because Hampton's hump is a manifestation of lung infarction, which occurs when a pulmonary embolus obstructs a pulmonary artery, leading to ischemia and necrosis of the lung tissue. The **wedge-shaped opacity** seen on the X-ray corresponds to the area of infarcted lung.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Not directly related to Hampton's hump, as this sign is specific to pulmonary embolism and infarction.
**Option B:** Incorrect because, although it involves the lung, it does not typically cause the specific radiographic pattern known as Hampton's hump.
**Option C:** Not relevant to the description of Hampton's hump, which is a specific radiological finding.
**Option D:** Incorrect as it does not directly correlate with the pathophysiology of Hampton's hump.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Hampton's hump is a classic but not very sensitive sign of pulmonary embolism. It is essential to consider the clinical context and other diagnostic tools like CT pulmonary angiography for accurate diagnosis.
**Correct Answer:** D. Pulmonary embolism.