An addicted patient presenting with visual and tactile hallucinations, has black staining of tongue and teeth. The agent is: Gujarat 10
**Core Concept**
The patient's symptoms, including visual and tactile hallucinations, black staining of tongue and teeth, are indicative of a substance use disorder caused by a specific class of psychoactive drugs.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
This patient's presentation is characteristic of a stimulant-induced psychosis, likely due to chronic use of a substance that causes excessive release of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. The black staining of tongue and teeth is a classic sign of chronic cocaine or amphetamine use, which can lead to the formation of methamphetamine or tars on the oral mucosa. The visual and tactile hallucinations are a result of the dopaminergic and noradrenergic overstimulation caused by these substances.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because it does not accurately describe the patient's presentation. While opioid use can lead to psychosis, it is not typically associated with black staining of the tongue and teeth.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because it is a sedative-hypnotic, which is not associated with the patient's symptoms. Sedatives and hypnotics can cause dependence and withdrawal, but they do not typically cause visual and tactile hallucinations or black staining of the tongue and teeth.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because it is a hallucinogen, which can cause visual and tactile hallucinations, but it is not typically associated with black staining of the tongue and teeth. Hallucinogens work by altering serotonin levels in the brain, which can lead to altered perception and mood.
**Option D:** This option is incorrect because it is a dissociative anesthetic, which can cause dissociation and altered perception, but it is not typically associated with black staining of the tongue and teeth.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
When evaluating a patient with substance use disorder, it is essential to consider the specific class of substance they are using, as this can have a significant impact on their clinical presentation and treatment options.
**Correct Answer:** C.