In a young patient presenting with recurrent vitreous haemorrhage diagnosis is:
**Core Concept**
Diabetic retinopathy is a common cause of vitreous hemorrhage in young patients, resulting from the breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier and subsequent leakage of blood vessels in the retina.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Diabetic retinopathy is characterized by the formation of new, fragile blood vessels (neovascularization) in response to chronic hyperglycemia and subsequent oxidative stress. These vessels are prone to rupture and bleeding, leading to vitreous hemorrhage. The correct answer, **Diabetic retinopathy**, is a direct consequence of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, which can lead to the characteristic retinal changes.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** **Retinal detachment** is a possible complication of vitreous hemorrhage, but it is not a primary cause of recurrent hemorrhage. Retinal detachment occurs when the vitreous gel separates from the retina, but it is not directly related to the underlying cause of the hemorrhage.
**Option B:** **Central retinal artery occlusion** is a vascular event that can cause sudden vision loss, but it is not typically associated with recurrent vitreous hemorrhage. Central retinal artery occlusion is a medical emergency that requires prompt treatment, but it is not a common cause of recurrent hemorrhage.
**Option C:** **Retinal vein occlusion** can cause retinal hemorrhages, but it is not typically associated with recurrent vitreous hemorrhage. Retinal vein occlusion is a vascular event that can cause sudden vision loss, but it is not a common cause of recurrent hemorrhage.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
In patients with recurrent vitreous hemorrhage, it is essential to investigate for underlying causes such as diabetic retinopathy, retinal detachment, or other vascular disorders. A thorough ophthalmic examination and medical history are crucial in establishing the correct diagnosis and guiding treatment.
**Correct Answer:** A. Diabetic retinopathy.