**Core Concept**
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by demyelination of the peripheral nerves, leading to ascending muscle weakness and paralysis. It typically follows a recent infection, such as Campylobacter jejuni, and is mediated by autoreactive T-cells and antibodies against gangliosides.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct statement about GBS is crucial for understanding its pathophysiology. In GBS, autoreactive T-cells and antibodies target the myelin sheath of peripheral nerves, leading to demyelination and nerve conduction block. This process is mediated by the activation of complement and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The affected nerves exhibit reduced conduction velocities and eventually degenerate, resulting in muscle weakness and paralysis.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** This statement is incorrect because GBS typically presents with ascending muscle weakness, starting from the lower limbs and progressing to the upper limbs, rather than descending weakness.
* **Option B:** This statement is incorrect because GBS is an autoimmune disorder, not an infectious disease. While certain infections, such as Campylobacter jejuni, can trigger GBS, the condition itself is not caused by a direct infection.
* **Option C:** This statement is incorrect because GBS is not characterized by inflammation of the peripheral nerves, but rather by demyelination and axonal degeneration.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A classic clinical feature of GBS is the presence of areflexia, or the absence of deep tendon reflexes, in the affected limbs. This occurs due to the disruption of the nerve-sinus reflex arc and is a critical diagnostic clue in the early stages of the disease.

**Correct Answer:** Not provided