**Core Concept**
Gray baby syndrome is a rare but life-threatening condition that occurs in neonates, particularly those born to mothers taking certain medications. It is characterized by a slate-gray coloration of the skin, cyanosis, vomiting, and poor feeding. This condition is caused by the inability of the newborn's liver to metabolize a specific class of medications.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Gray baby syndrome is caused by the accumulation of chloramphenicol, a broad-spectrum antibiotic, in the plasma of neonates. Chloramphenicol is metabolized by the liver enzyme cytochrome P450, which is not mature in newborns. As a result, chloramphenicol levels build up in the blood, leading to toxicity and the characteristic symptoms of gray baby syndrome.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because it does not specify a medication that is known to cause gray baby syndrome.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because it is a different condition altogether, characterized by a different set of symptoms and pathophysiology.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because it does not accurately describe the underlying cause of gray baby syndrome.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
When prescribing chloramphenicol to newborns, it is essential to monitor their liver function and adjust the dose accordingly to prevent the development of gray baby syndrome.

**Correct Answer: C. Chloramphenicol**