Causes of nephrocalcinosis are -a) Hyperparathyroidismb) TB Kidneyc) Hypercalcemiad) Glomerulonephritise) MCD
## **Core Concept**
Nephrocalcinosis refers to the deposition of calcium salts in the renal tissue, often leading to renal damage. This condition can arise from various causes, including disorders of calcium metabolism, certain renal diseases, and systemic conditions.
## **Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer includes conditions known to cause nephrocalcinosis.
- **Hyperparathyroidism (a)**: This condition leads to an overproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH), which can cause hypercalcemia. Elevated calcium levels can result in calcium deposition in the kidneys.
- **Hypercalcemia (c)**: Directly leads to calcium deposition in the renal tissue.
- **TB Kidney (b)**: Tuberculosis of the kidney can cause caseous necrosis and calcification, leading to nephrocalcinosis.
## **Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
- **Option D: Glomerulonephritis**: While glomerulonephritis is a significant kidney disease, it is not typically associated directly with calcium deposition in the renal tissue.
- **Option E: MCD (Medullary Cystic Disease)**: This is a rare genetic disorder affecting the kidneys, but it is not characteristically associated with nephrocalcinosis.
## **Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A key point to remember is that nephrocalcinosis can be caused by conditions leading to hypercalcemia, such as hyperparathyroidism and vitamin D intoxication. Clinical evaluation of nephrocalcinosis often involves investigating the underlying cause of hypercalcemia.
## **Correct Answer:** C. a, b, c