Which of the following pathological process is responsible for acute glomerulonephritis: March 2011
**Core Concept**
Acute glomerulonephritis is a clinical syndrome characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli, the filtering units of the kidneys. This condition is often caused by an immune-mediated response to infections, such as post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN).
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is related to the immune complex deposition in the glomeruli. In PSGN, antibodies against streptococcal antigens form immune complexes that deposit in the glomerular mesangium and capillary walls, triggering an inflammatory response. This leads to the activation of complement system, including C3 and C5, resulting in the formation of membrane attack complex (MAC) and subsequent damage to the glomerular basement membrane.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** This option is not relevant to the pathogenesis of acute glomerulonephritis.
* **Option B:** This option is incorrect as it refers to a condition that affects the renal tubules, not the glomeruli.
* **Option D:** This option is not a recognized pathological process responsible for acute glomerulonephritis.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) typically follows a streptococcal infection, such as pharyngitis or skin infection, by 1-3 weeks, and is more common in children.
**Correct Answer:** C.