**Core Concept**
Gallbladder carcinoma is a rare malignancy arising from the epithelial cells of the gallbladder wall. It is typically adenocarcinoma, not squamous cell carcinoma, and commonly presents with obstructive symptoms due to tumor invasion of the cystic duct or common bile duct.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Jaundice is a hallmark presentation of gallbladder carcinoma due to obstruction of the biliary tree by the tumor. The cancer often grows within the gallbladder wall and may extend into the cystic duct, leading to obstruction and subsequent jaundice. This symptom is frequently one of the first clinical signs, especially in older patients with chronic gallbladder disease.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
Option A: Squamous cell carcinoma is not the most common; adenocarcinoma accounts for over 95% of cases, making this statement false.
Option C: Prognosis is generally poor due to late diagnosis and aggressive tumor behavior, especially with advanced stages.
Option D: Survival rates are low; 5-year survival after surgery is less than 10%, not 65%, making this statement inaccurate.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Gallbladder carcinoma is often asymptomatic early but presents with jaundice, right upper quadrant pain, or fever. It is frequently misdiagnosed as cholecystitis or biliary colic, leading to delayed diagnosis and poor outcomes. Always consider malignancy in patients with unexplained jaundice and chronic gallbladder disease.
β Correct Answer: B. Present with jaundice
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