**Core Concept**
G-6-PD (Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) deficiency is a genetic disorder affecting the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, which plays a crucial role in protecting red blood cells from oxidative damage. This deficiency leads to hemolytic anemia, particularly triggered by certain medications, infections, and foods.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
G-6-PD deficiency is characterized by the inability of red blood cells to withstand oxidative stress, leading to their premature destruction. This occurs because the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is crucial for maintaining the levels of reduced glutathione, which protects red blood cells from oxidation. When this enzyme is deficient, red blood cells are more susceptible to hemolysis.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Incorrect because G-6-PD deficiency is not primarily associated with platelet disorders.
**Option B:** Incorrect because while certain medications can trigger hemolysis in individuals with G-6-PD deficiency, this is not the primary cause of the deficiency itself.
**Option D:** Incorrect because while hemolytic anemia is a key feature of G-6-PD deficiency, it is not the only symptom.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
In patients with G-6-PD deficiency, certain medications like primaquine and sulfonamides can trigger hemolysis, making it essential to identify and avoid these triggers.

**Correct Answer:** C. Hemolytic anemia