**Core Concept**
The condition described is a hallmark of a specific metabolic disorder characterized by the accumulation of a particular compound in the body, leading to its deposition in various tissues, including the eyes. This disorder is caused by an enzymatic deficiency that affects the breakdown of a certain type of amino acid.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is associated with the accumulation of **argininosuccinic acid** in the retina, leading to the characteristic "cherry-red spot" seen on fundoscopic examination. This is due to the deficiency of the enzyme **argininosuccinate lyase**, which is essential for the breakdown of the amino acid **argininosuccinate**. The accumulation of this compound in the retina causes the characteristic cherry-red discoloration.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This is incorrect because it does not relate to the metabolic disorder described. The condition is not associated with the accumulation of a different compound or the deficiency of a different enzyme.
**Option B:** This is incorrect because it is a different metabolic disorder altogether, characterized by a different enzymatic deficiency and clinical findings.
**Option C:** This is incorrect because it is a different condition that affects the eyes, but it is not related to the metabolic disorder described.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
The cherry-red spot is a classic sign of this metabolic disorder, and its presence should prompt further investigation to confirm the diagnosis. This condition can be life-threatening if left untreated, emphasizing the importance of prompt diagnosis and management.

**Correct Answer:** C. Argininosuccinic aciduria