Following can lead to osteomalacia EXCEPT-
Correct Answer: Phosphorus deficiency in diet
Description: Calcium is the most abundant cation in the body and powerful homeostatic mechanisms control circulating ionised calcium levels . The WHO's dietary guidelines for calcium differ between countries, with higher intakes usually recommended in places with higher fracture prevalence. Between 20% and 30% of calcium in the diet is absorbed, depending on vitamin D status and food source. Calcium requirements depend on phosphorus intakes, with an optimum molar ratio (Ca:P) of 1 : 1. Excessive phosphorus intakes (e.g. 1-1.5 g/day) with a Ca:P of 1 : 3 have been shown to cause hypocalcaemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism Calcium absorption may be impaired in vitamin D deficiency and in malabsorption secondary to small intestinal disease. Calcium deficiency causes impaired bone mineralisation and can lead to osteomalacia in adults. Too much calcium can lead to constipation, and toxicity has been observed in 'milk-alkali syndrome' Ref Harrison 20th edition pg 78
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