**Core Concept**
Non-enveloped viruses, such as poliovirus and rotavirus, are relatively resistant to disinfectants and antiseptics due to their lipid-free capsid structure, which prevents the entry of chemicals into the virus.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
These viruses have a high thermal stability and can withstand a wide range of temperatures, pH, and chemical concentrations. As a result, they are more resistant to disinfectants and antiseptics, making them difficult to inactivate. The lipid-free capsid structure of non-enveloped viruses also prevents the disruption of the viral genome by chemical disinfectants.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Enveloped viruses, such as HIV and influenza, are more susceptible to disinfectants and antiseptics because their lipid envelope is easily disrupted by chemical disinfectants.
**Option B:** Bacterial spores are highly resistant to disinfectants and antiseptics, but they are not the same as non-enveloped viruses in terms of their resistance mechanisms.
**Option C:** Fungi, such as Candida, are susceptible to disinfectants and antiseptics and are not known for their resistance to these agents.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Non-enveloped viruses can survive on surfaces for extended periods, making them a significant concern for hospital-acquired infections.
**Correct Answer:** C. Bacterial spores.
Free Medical MCQs Β· NEET PG Β· USMLE Β· AIIMS
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