**Core Concept**
DNA fingerprinting, also known as genetic fingerprinting, is a technique used to identify individuals based on their unique DNA patterns. This method utilizes the concept of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and involves the analysis of specific DNA sequences to distinguish between individuals.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is related to the first application of DNA fingerprinting in a criminal case. In 1984, Dr. Alec Jeffreys, a British geneticist, first used DNA fingerprinting to identify Colin Pitchfork, a British serial killer. The technique was used to match DNA samples from a crime scene to those of individuals in the suspect pool. This pioneering work marked the beginning of DNA fingerprinting's use in forensic science.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** This option is incorrect because it is not related to the first application of DNA fingerprinting in a criminal case.
* **Option B:** This option is incorrect because it does not accurately describe the first use of DNA fingerprinting.
* **Option C:** This option is incorrect because it is not relevant to the correct answer.
* **Option D:** This option is incorrect because it does not accurately describe the first use of DNA fingerprinting.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
DNA fingerprinting has become a crucial tool in forensic science, allowing investigators to link crimes to suspects and exonerate the innocent. It is essential to remember that this technique relies on the unique characteristics of an individual's DNA, making it an invaluable resource for solving crimes.

**Correct Answer:** A. DNA fingerprinting was first used by Jeffrey in a criminal case for detecting Colin Pitchfork.