**Core Concept**
Febrile seizures are a common condition in pediatric neurology, characterized by seizures occurring in association with fever in the absence of central nervous system infection or other identifiable cause. The underlying pathophysiology involves the interaction of fever, genetic predisposition, and immature brain development.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Febrile seizures typically occur between the ages of 6 months and 5 years, with the peak incidence between 12 and 18 months. This age range coincides with the period of rapid brain development and maturation, during which the brain is more susceptible to the effects of fever. The exact mechanism is not fully understood, but it is thought to involve the release of excitatory neurotransmitters, such as glutamate, and the suppression of inhibitory neurotransmitters, such as GABA.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** This age range is incorrect, as febrile seizures typically occur in early childhood, not in infancy.
* **Option B:** This age range is incorrect, as febrile seizures typically occur before the age of 5, not after.
* **Option C:** This option is incorrect, as febrile seizures are not most common in children with a family history of epilepsy.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A child with a history of febrile seizures is at increased risk of developing afebrile seizures later in life, particularly if there is a family history of epilepsy.

**Correct Answer:** C.