Features of pulmonary venous hypeension are A/E –
**Core Concept**
Pulmonary venous hypertension (PVH) is characterized by elevated pressure in the pulmonary veins, leading to increased pressure and congestion in the left atrium and lungs. This condition can result from various causes, including left heart disease, pulmonary embolism, and pulmonary hypertension.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The features of PVH include signs of left atrial enlargement, such as an enlarged cardiac silhouette, and pulmonary edema, which can manifest as dyspnea, orthopnea, and bibasilar rales. The increased pressure in the pulmonary veins can also lead to cor pulmonale, a condition characterized by right ventricular hypertrophy and failure. In addition, PVH can cause pleural effusions and pericardial effusions due to the increased pressure in the thoracic cavity.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because PVH typically does not present with features of right heart failure, such as peripheral edema and jugular venous distension, which are more characteristic of right-sided heart failure.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because PVH can cause a variety of symptoms, including cough, fatigue, and chest pain, but it is not typically associated with a productive cough or hemoptysis, which are more characteristic of pulmonary embolism.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because PVH can cause a range of radiographic findings, including Kerley B lines, perihilar opacities, and pleural effusions, but it is not typically associated with a normal chest radiograph.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
In the context of PVH, it's essential to remember that the presence of pulmonary edema can be a "red flag" for underlying left heart disease, such as left ventricular systolic dysfunction or mitral valve disease.
**Correct Answer:** D.