**Core Concept**
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline, memory loss, and behavioral changes. It is the most common form of dementia, affecting millions worldwide. The pathophysiology involves the accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques and tau protein tangles in the brain, leading to neuronal damage and death.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is related to the characteristic features of Alzheimer's disease. **Option C** is the correct answer because Alzheimer's disease is not typically associated with inflammation of the meninges, which is a hallmark of other neurodegenerative conditions like multiple sclerosis. Alzheimer's disease is primarily a disorder of neuronal loss and cognitive decline, rather than an inflammatory process.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Amyloid-beta plaques are a key feature of Alzheimer's disease, leading to neuronal damage and death. They are a hallmark of the disease and are involved in the pathophysiology of cognitive decline.
**Option B:** Cognitive decline and memory loss are characteristic features of Alzheimer's disease, with patients often experiencing difficulties with learning new information, memory loss, and language problems.
**Option D:** Dementia is a key feature of Alzheimer's disease, characterized by a decline in cognitive function, including memory loss, language problems, and difficulty with daily activities.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A key feature of Alzheimer's disease is the presence of amyloid-beta plaques in the brain, which are associated with neuronal damage and death. This is a critical aspect of the disease's pathophysiology and is a key target for potential therapeutic interventions.

**Correct Answer: C. Inflammation of the meninges is not a characteristic feature of Alzheimer's disease.**