Land: It is the area between the flutes which projects axially from central core to the cutting edge. Rake angle: It is the angle formed by leading-edge with the radius of file. Acute angle is considered as a negative rake angle and obtuse angle is  considered as a positive rake angle. Taper: It signifies per millimeter increase in file diameter from the tip towards handle of file. Pitch: It is the distance between two cutting edges. A file with short pitch has more flutes when compared to file with longer pitch.