Which of the following drug is responsible for extrapyramidal side effects?
**Extrapyramidal Side Effects**
**Core Concept**
Extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) are a group of movement disorders associated with the blockade of dopamine receptors in the nigrostriatal pathway, leading to an imbalance in the dopaminergic and cholinergic systems. This concept is crucial in understanding the pathophysiology of EPS, which are commonly seen with the use of antipsychotic medications.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is responsible for blocking dopamine D2 receptors, which are involved in the regulation of motor function. The blockade of these receptors in the nigrostriatal pathway leads to a decrease in dopaminergic activity, resulting in EPS. The correct answer is also a typical antipsychotic, which is known to cause EPS due to its high affinity for dopamine D2 receptors.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** This option is incorrect because it is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), which is not typically associated with EPS. SSRIs work by increasing serotonin levels in the synaptic cleft, and their primary side effects are related to the serotonergic system.
* **Option B:** This option is incorrect because it is a benzodiazepine, which is a type of anxiolytic medication. Benzodiazepines work by enhancing the effects of GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, and are not associated with EPS.
* **Option C:** This option is incorrect because it is a histamine H2 receptor antagonist, which is used to reduce stomach acid production. Histamine H2 receptors are involved in the regulation of gastric acid secretion, and their blockade is not associated with EPS.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
The risk of EPS is higher with typical antipsychotics compared to atypical antipsychotics, which have a lower affinity for dopamine D2 receptors. This is why atypical antipsychotics are often preferred in clinical practice to minimize the risk of EPS.
**Correct Answer:** C.