**Question:** To increase resistance form of an excessively tapered preparation:

A. Adding more taper to the working end
B. Adding a stopper to the working end
C. Reducing the length of the instrument
D. Adding a bend to the working end

**Core Concept:** In dentistry and oral surgery, the term "tapered" refers to the gradual reduction in internal diameter of a dental instrument or dental implant. The purpose of tapered instruments is to facilitate insertion, but excessive taper can lead to difficulties during placement or retrieval. In such cases, the goal is to increase the resistance form to improve handling and manipulation.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right:** Option D, "Adding a bend to the working end," is the correct answer because adding a bend to the tapered working end increases the surface area of the instrument's contact with the oral tissues, thereby increasing friction and resistance. This increased resistance helps to control the instrument's movement during insertion or removal, making it easier to handle and manipulate.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect:**

A. Adding more taper to the working end (Option A) would further reduce the instrument's surface area and decrease resistance, making insertion or retrieval even more difficult.
B. Adding a stopper to the working end (Option B) creates an additional component that may obstruct the instrument's movement and further decrease resistance.
C. Reducing the length of the instrument (Option C) would not increase resistance but rather increase the risk of damage to oral tissues due to the instrument's blunt tip.

**Why the Correct Option is Best:**

D. Adding a bend to the working end (Option D) is the best option because it directly addresses the issue of excessive taper by increasing the instrument's surface area and thus provides increased resistance during manipulation. This makes handling easier and reduces the risk of accidental tissue damage.

**Clinical Pearl:** In clinical practice, excessive tapered instruments can pose challenges for dentists and oral surgeons. By understanding the importance of resistance during instrument insertion or removal, practitioners can avoid accidental tissue damage and enhance their efficiency in performing procedures.