**Core Concept**
Diabetic retinopathy is a common complication of diabetes, and early detection is crucial for preventing vision loss. The risk of developing diabetic retinopathy increases with the duration of diabetes, making regular screening essential for individuals with Type I diabetes.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The American Diabetes Association recommends that children with Type I diabetes undergo their first comprehensive eye examination at 5 years after the onset of diabetes or at puberty, whichever comes first. This early screening is crucial because diabetic retinopathy can progress rapidly, and early detection allows for timely intervention to prevent vision loss. The 5-year time frame is chosen because it balances the risk of developing diabetic retinopathy with the need for early detection, considering the child's growth and development.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option B:** Performing a fundus examination after 2 years may be too early, as the risk of diabetic retinopathy is low in the first few years after diagnosis, but may not capture the progression of the disease in the longer term.

**Option C:** Waiting until after 10 years may lead to delayed detection and treatment of diabetic retinopathy, increasing the risk of vision loss and other complications.

**Option D:** At the time of diagnosis, the risk of diabetic retinopathy is low, and screening may not be necessary, as the child's retinal health can be assessed during the initial examination.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Regular screening for diabetic retinopathy should be performed every 1-2 years after the initial examination, as the risk of progression increases with the duration of diabetes.

**✓ Correct Answer: A. After 5 years**