What is TRUE with the findings of a single umbilical aery on examination of the umbilical cord
## Core Concept
The presence of a single umbilical artery (SUA) in the umbilical cord is an abnormal finding that can be associated with various fetal anomalies and complications. Normally, the umbilical cord contains three vessels: two umbilical arteries and one umbilical vein. The umbilical arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta, while the umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus.
## Why the Correct Answer is Right
The correct answer, , implies that a single umbilical artery is associated with an increased risk of fetal anomalies, particularly genitourinary and cardiac anomalies. This is because the development of the umbilical arteries is closely linked to the development of the fetal kidneys and the cardiovascular system. The presence of SUA is a marker for potential underlying developmental issues.
## Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect
* **Option A:** This option is incorrect because it does not accurately reflect the implications of a single umbilical artery.
* **Option B:** This option is incorrect because it also does not accurately describe the association of SUA with fetal anomalies.
* **Option D:** This option is incorrect as it likely suggests a lack of association or a different implication that is not supported by medical evidence.
## Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact
A key clinical pearl is that the finding of a single umbilical artery on ultrasound examination warrants a detailed fetal anomaly scan to evaluate for potential associated anomalies, particularly of the genitourinary and cardiovascular systems. This is because SUA is associated with an increased risk of fetal anomalies, and early detection can improve outcomes.
## Correct Answer: C.